【生殖健康基因检测】为什么会是葡萄胎？如何进行基因解码和基因检测？-佳学基因官网：基因检测 | 基因解码 | 遗传病 | 肿瘤靶向药物 | 阻断 | 北京

根据《人的基因序列变化与人体疾病表征》，葡萄胎是由于受精过程中的基因序列而引起胡子宫内组织异常增生。很少涉及到发育的胚胎。与正常的胚胎相比，病态组织生长很快，形成一块大而随机排列的类似于葡萄串的组织。葡萄胎有两种，一种是有效葡萄胎，一种是部分葡萄胎。根据佳学基因统计，葡萄胎的发病率为千分之一。

什么是葡萄胎？

葡萄胎妊娠是胎盘的一种异常，是由于受精时卵子和精子结合在一起而引起的。也被称为妊娠滋养细胞疾病（GTD），葡萄胎或简单地称为“葡萄胎”，这是一种罕见的生殖健康疾病。发病率为1/1000。

什么是有效葡萄胎？

What is a partial molar pregnancy?

Who is at risk?

What are the symptoms?

How do I know if I have a molar pregnancy?

How is this treated?

How will I feel emotionally after a molar pregnancy?

Although the removal of a molar pregnancy is not the termination of a developing child, it is still a loss. Even when an embryo is present, it does not have the opportunity to develop into a child. Most women discover that they are dealing with a molar pregnancy after the discovery and anticipation of being pregnant. Dreams, plans, and hopes are canceled all at once; it is still a significant loss.

Hydatidiform mole, occurring in 13 of 1000 pregnancies (25), typically occur in women during the reproductive period, although rarely occur in postmenopausal women. Hydatiform moles can be complete (CHM), partial (PHM) or invasive. CMH diffusely involves the placenta with marked villous swelling, cyst formation, circumferential villous trophoblastic hyperplasia, central villous cistern formation, random karyorrhexis, without formation of an embryo- except for embryonic capillaries in the chorionic villi (52) (Figure 5). CHM are usually diploid (46,XX,46,XY), and androgenic (52,53,54). Most (80%) are of androgenic CMHs are due to haploid genomic duplication of a sperm, the remainder (20%) are due to double sperm fertilization of the egg. The fate of the maternal genome in a CHM is still unclear. A meiosis II error was assumed to produce an anuclear egg, then fertilized by one or two sperm, but anuclear oocytes have never been documented under natural circumstances. Recently a diploidization of a triploid conceptus has been proposed as an alternative explanation (Figure 6) (55). Despite the androgenetic nature of the nuclear genome in CHM, the mitochondrial DNA is maternally derived (52).

PHMs demonstrate slow hydatidiform change, affecting only some of the placental villi. Morphologically, two populations of villi exist. Some of the villi are enlarged hydropic villi (3–4mm in diameter)with central cistern formation, and some villi are small, sclerotic, and normally sized. The hydropic villi have indented or scalloped outlines with trophoblastic pseudoinclusions.

Villous surfaces may have many tiny projections of syncytiotrophoblast, which form notches. The trophoblast hyperplasia is random and focal, nuclear atypia is infrequent,and villous stromal blood vessels containing nuclear red blood cells and/or fetal tissues may be present (Figure 7).Most PMHs are triploid (69, XXX, 69, XXY, or 69, XYY) with a paternal origin of the additional haploid genome.Most diandric triploid PHMs arise from dual sperm fertilization, less frequently due to fertilization by a diploid sperm(53). It is debatable whether a true diploid PMH exists, as those reported may represent misdiagnosed hydropic diploid miscarriages, twin pregnancies, undetected mosaic cases, or early CHMs (Figure 8). The most significant clinical consequence with complete molar pregnancies is the risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease or choriocarcinoma. Complete moles carry a

【生殖健康基因检测】为什么会是葡萄胎？如何进行基因解码和基因检测？